As leading human rights and legal aid organizations, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to desist from targeting and negatively profiling civil society organizations, which provide invaluable services to the people of Zimbabwe and play a vital role in ensuring good governance in the country. All persons have a right to freedom of association, and this right is often exercised through the operation of and participation in civil society organizations. Stigmatizing civil society organizations for engaging in legitimate activities, including carrying out their watchdog role is a dangerous step towards closing civic space, which is of the utmost importance in exercising the right to public participation in a democratic State, especially ahead of next year’s elections.

During the just concluded 73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, state representatives from Zimbabwe maligned civil society organizations and their work with a view to intimidate and silence them. In particular, they made disparaging comments in response to a statement by International Services for Human Rights, Defend Defenders as well as Zimbabwe Lawyers of Human Rights (ZLHR) highlighting the well-documented human rights situation in the country, including concerns on the deeply-flawed Private Voluntary Organizations (PVO) Amendment Bill. Such attacks against civil society actors violate the rights to freedom of conscience, expression, and association, which are protected by the Zimbabwean Constitution, as well as international law instruments binding on the country.

Under the administration of President Mnangagwa, the Zimbabwe government has increasingly restricted the capacity of civil society to operate and continued down a dangerous path towards the near total closure of civic space. State authorities have engaged in repressive attacks on activists, journalists, human rights defenders, opposition party leaders, and critical voices from all sections of society. Civil society organizations have decried the worrying trend of arbitrary arrests and detention; judicial capture and intimidation, as well as other forms of repression aimed at stifling dissent and resulting in a chilling effect.

As part of the crackdown on civic space, the government introduced the PVO Amendment Bill which confers unfettered discretionary powers on the executive arm of government to overregulate and interfere in non-governmental organizations’ governance and operations. Civil society organizations have expressed their concerns over the PVO Amendment Bill’s contravention of national, regional, and international standards of freedom of association, expression, and assembly. In December 2021, four United Nations Special Rapporteurs sent a joint communication to President Mnangagwa emphasizing that the Bill granted unchecked discretion to the government to target, deregister, and ban organizations and was not compliant with Zimbabwe’s treaty obligations as articulated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. While the controversial bill continues to be considered, the government has sustained its attacks on civil society organizations. Staffers of Transparency International, the National Association of Youth Organizations, and the Institute for Women Development have been arrested at different times during their meetings. The government has also arrested officers of the Zimbabwe Elections Support Network during a voters’ education event in Mbare.

In addition to utilizing legislation to restrict civil society, government officials have maintained a narrative that non-governmental and civil society organizations, especially those critical of government actions, should not exist in Zimbabwe. Midlands Provincial Affairs Minister Larry Mavima minimized the importance of NGOs, stating that they are no longer necessary in Zimbabwe and therefore should relocate to Ukraine – a war zone if they are unhappy with the PVO Amendment Bill. Justice Ministry Secretary Virginia Mabhiza labeled organizations speaking out against the PVO Amendment Bill as “rogue” and Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) spokesperson, Christopher Mutsvangwa, accused organizations operating in Zimbabwe of being “puppets of the West with a goal to soil the country’s image in a bid to effect regime change.” The ZANU PF Spokesperson Christopher Mutsvangwa further stated that NGOs are “fighting for the post-colonial order of the west” and should not be listened to. Moreover, he referred to NGOs as “false prophets” and “witches of the night.”

These narratives are incendiary and prejudicial, especially in the lead-up to a contentious 2023 general election. Stigmatizing statements against those defending human rights, particularly by high-ranking officials in a context of high intolerance for peaceful dissent, de-legitimizes the work of human rights groups, closes the needed civic space for them to exercise their right to free expression and association, and could put their lives at risk. This labeling of civil society organizations is also tantamount to hate speech which has been described by the United Nations as “any kind of communication in speech, writing or behavior, that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are.”

As undersigned organizations, we request:

1. The government of Zimbabwe stops disparaging civil society organizations and ensures that CSOs can fully and independently operate throughout the country in accordance with the Constitution and international law.

2. The judiciary in Zimbabwe guards its independence and fulfills its constitutional mandate and protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of civil society activists and human rights defenders in adjudicating cases before it.

3. The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and other intergovernmental bodies must take steps to guarantee greater respect and protection for civil society organizations including by condemning the use of inflammatory language by state parties during their sessions.

4. The regional and international community should continue to put pressure on President Mnangagwa and other state officials to jettison the worrying sections of the PVO Amendment Bill, reflect the recommendations presented by civil society, and promote a thriving civic space within the country.

Signatures:

1. Advocates For the Promotion of Digital Rights and Civic Interactions Initiative (DigiCivic Initiative)

2. African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS)

3. AfricanDefenders (Pan African Human Rights Defenders Network)

4. Associação Moçambicana dos Advogados Cristãos

5. Bayero University Kano Law Clinic

6. Center for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa

7. Centre de Documentation et de Formation sur les Droits de l’Homme

8. Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria

9. Centre for Women Human Rights Defenders in Africa

10. Chapter One Foundation

11. Civic and Legal Aid Organization

12. Coalition Ivoirienne des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (CIDDH)

13. Connect Hub NG

14. Consortium of Ethiopian Human Rights Organizations (CEHRO)

15. Defend Defenders

16. Dunia Mekonnen, Penn Kemble Forum Fellow 2021-2022

17. Entrepreneurship Initiative for African Youth (EIFAY Africa)

18. FIDA Cameroon

19. Foundation For Environmental Rights, Advocacy & Development (FENRAD)

20. Initiative For Women Empowerment & Development (IWED)

21. International Commission of Jurists

22. International Service for Human Rights

23. Jibril Sa’ed Law Firm, Somalia

24. Justice Access Point

25. Mozambique Human Rights Defenders Network

26. Namibia Diverse Women’s Association (NDWA)

27. National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders Uganda

28. Nde Oduko Foundation

29. Network of the Independent Commission for Human rights in North Africa

30. Network of University Legal Aid Institutions, Nigeria

31. Observatoire Ivoirien des Droits de l’Homme (OIDH)

32. Protection International Africa

33. Réseau des Défenseurs des Droits Humains en Afrique Centrale

34. Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights

35. Society For Economic Rights & Social Justice (SERSJ)

36. Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network

37. Southern Africa Women Human Rights Defenders Network (SAWHRDN)

38. Sterling Law Centre

39. Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition (THRDC)

40. Vivre Sans Violence

41. West African Human Rights Defenders Network / Réseau Ouest Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (WAHRDN/ROADDH)